Theory:
Things that stand out attract our attention.
Application:
The most important elements on your website should stand out. You can use several design elements (color, shapes, movement) to create a (subtle) pop-out effect. You can also use this effect by deviating from your regular routines or style by providing unexpected content, movies or newsletters.
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Recently I've seen some (often absolute) statements going around, generally in the line of "open source commerce platforms are a terrible idea". Now of course different solutions always have different pros and cons.
A hierarchy of evidence (or levels of evidence) is a heuristic used to rank the relative strength of results obtained from scientific research. I've created a version of this chart/pyramid applied to CRO which you can see below. It contains the options we have as optimizers and tools and methods we often use to gather data.